Thinking states
In the allegory “The Cave”, Plato describes a group of people who have lived chained to the wall of a cave all their lives, facing a blank wall. The people watch shadows projected on the wall from objects passing in front of a fire behind them and give names to these shadows. The shadows are the prisoners’ reality, but are not accurate representations of the real world. The shadows represent the fragment of reality that we can normally perceive through our senses, while the objects under the sun represent the true forms of objects that we can only perceive through reason. Three higher levels exist: the natural sciences; mathematics, geometry, and deductive logic; and the theory of forms.
Socrates explains how the philosopher is like a prisoner who is freed from the cave and comes to understand that the shadows on the wall are actually not the direct source of the images seen. A philosopher aims to understand and perceive the higher levels of reality. However, the other inmates of the cave do not even desire to leave their prison, for they know no better life.
Wikipedia
The cave allegory applies to the concept of reason most of all. See Reason, intellectualism’s Vanishing Point.
Referring to the image above (Thinking states):
I see the prisoners are chained to habit in the cave allegory. Whereas the freed person is the enlightened person.
A detailed and complete explanation for reason; how it is achieved and how it is undone (the latter only in part).
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This site comprises a detailed and complete explanation for reason; how it is achieved, and how it is undone. It is arranged, principally in subject matter collections.
Why Do Civilizations Fail? – A Collapse of Reason, Of Course